Puerto Rico and the United States Essay -- American History Puerto Ric

Puerto Rico and the United States Since Puerto Rico was first found by Christopher Columbus on November 19, 1493, and Spanish colonization resulted in 1508, Puerto Rico has encountered these weights of personality and culture. At the point when Columbus initially showed up he found the island populated by a large number of Taino Indians who wrongly showed Columbus gold pieces in the waterway. This was all Spain expected to back its crown. Contrasts between the Spaniards and the Taints started around two years after the fact when Diego Salcedo was murdered by the Indians. The Taino Indians rebel against the Spaniards was met with no achievement and many left the island or fled into the mountains where they started new lives. Despite the fact that living in the segregated mountains, the Tainos were still pilgrims of Spain, yet on a fundamental level were Borinquens. Despite the fact that they were a piece of the State of Spain, for example a legitimate and political association, with the ability to require compliance and steadfastness from its residents. (Morris, p.12) the Tainos were a Nation or a self characterized network of individuals who share a feeling of solidarity dependent on a confidence in a typical legacy and who guarantee political rights that may incorporate self assurance, history, language, culture and region. (Morris, p. 12) This was the start of the Foundation of the four storeyed structure. In Jose Luis Gonzalez's article Puerto Rico, The Four Storeyed Country and Other Essays he also utilizes the representation of floors, steps or establishment. Gonzalez saw that Puerto Rico's establishment however has developed increasingly more dark after some time, either by Puerto Ricans or others who have moved or deleted the first and second floors. (Prof. Figueroa, address notes of 9/15/98) In Rosario Fe... ...tality and their lifestyle. The inquiry is how much longer will it continuing being like this? Reference index: Fernandez, Ronald. The Disenchanted Island: Puerto Rico and the U.S. in the Twentieth Century. 2d. ed. (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1996). Ferre, Rosario. The House on the Lagoon. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995). Glasser, Ruth. My Music is My Flag: Puerto Rican Musicians in New York and their Communities, 1917-1940. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996). Gonzalez, Jose Luis. The Four-Story Country, in The Four-Story Country and Other Essays. (Princeton: Marcus Weinner, 1993). Morris, Nancy. , Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity. (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995). Rigau, Jorge. Puerto Rico 1900. Santiago, Roberto (ed.), Boricuas: Influential Writingsâ€An treasury. (New York: Ballantine Books, 1995). Puerto Rico and the United States Essay - American History Puerto Ric Puerto Rico and the United States Since Puerto Rico was first found by Christopher Columbus on November 19, 1493, and Spanish colonization resulted in 1508, Puerto Rico has encountered these weights of personality and culture. At the point when Columbus initially showed up he found the island populated by a great many Taino Indians who wrongly showed Columbus gold pieces in the stream. This was all Spain expected to fund its crown. Contrasts between the Spaniards and the Taints started around two years after the fact when Diego Salcedo was murdered by the Indians. The Taino Indians rebel against the Spaniards was met with no achievement and many left the island or fled into the mountains where they started new lives. In spite of the fact that living in the detached mountains, the Tainos were still pilgrims of Spain, yet on a fundamental level were Borinquens. Despite the fact that they were a piece of the State of Spain, for example a lawful and political association, with the ability to require dutifulness and dependability from its residents. (Morris, p.12) the Tainos were a Nation or a self characterized network of individuals who share a feeling of solidarity dependent on a faith in a typical legacy and who guarantee political rights that may incorporate self assurance, history, language, culture and region. (Morris, p. 12) This was the start of the Foundation of the four storeyed structure. In Jose Luis Gonzalez's article Puerto Rico, The Four Storeyed Country and Other Essays he also utilizes the similitude of floors, steps or establishment. Gonzalez saw that Puerto Rico's establishment however has developed increasingly more dark after some time, either by Puerto Ricans or others who have moved or eradicated the first and second floors. (Prof. Figueroa, address notes of 9/15/98) In Rosario Fe... ...tality and their lifestyle. The inquiry is how much longer will it continuing being like this? List of sources: Fernandez, Ronald. The Disenchanted Island: Puerto Rico and the U.S. in the Twentieth Century. 2d. ed. (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1996). Ferre, Rosario. The House on the Lagoon. (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995). Glasser, Ruth. My Music is My Flag: Puerto Rican Musicians in New York and their Communities, 1917-1940. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996). Gonzalez, Jose Luis. The Four-Story Country, in The Four-Story Country and Other Essays. (Princeton: Marcus Weinner, 1993). Morris, Nancy. , Puerto Rico: Culture, Politics, and Identity. (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1995). Rigau, Jorge. Puerto Rico 1900. Santiago, Roberto (ed.), Boricuas: Influential Writingsâ€An compilation. (New York: Ballantine Books, 1995).

Implication of Cash Management on Organizations

Question: Depict about the ramifications of money the executives on associations. Answer: Presentation Money the board is alluded to as a wide idea that is utilized to demonstrate towards the aggregation, focus and use of money in a legitimate manner. The prime objective behind the successful administration of money is to adjust the costs and money assortment of the associations in such a manner in this way, that the money accessibility if there should arise an occurrence of the fixed resources and inventories can be amplified (Cash stream - money the board, 1993). This will thus assist the associations with avoiding the danger of getting indebted. Dealing with the income is a much essential factor or duty regarding the business administrators by which they can have the option to guarantee the maintainability of the organizations. Any sort of error in the administration of money can lead the business firms to get wiped out. Money the executives incorporates the liquidity position of the endeavors, momentary ventures and furthermore the money adjusts. Consequently it very well may be said that money the board is a definitive base of the working capital that a business association must keep up adequately so as to fortify their monetary position and deal with its liquidity along these lines guaranteeing achievement and productivity of the endeavors (Cash the executives, 1999). This examination will exhibit generally speaking ramifications of the money the board on business endeavors and how the administration can have the option to guarantee the possibility and dissolvable situation of the organizations in a powerful manner. Issue articulation Money the board is in reality particularly significant for each business undertaking as it encourages the organizations to develop and create by keeping up a smooth and successful parity of money in the organizations. Effective money the board assists with staying away from not just wiped out situation of the organizations and alleviate the chapter 11, however it likewise assists with decreasing the quantity of days in the assortment of rates, account factors and determination of legitimate momentary venture. Income can be a significant issue for the business endeavors (Cash Management, 1996). Over the top outpouring of money can lead the business associations to experience the ill effects of indebtedness. There is no wellbeing edge for the organizations experiencing the income issues. At the point when the organizations experience unforeseen costs, they have no influence over their costs and as such they would encounter genuine difficulty in collecting the net finances required for interceding advancement in the development and improvement of the business. It is likewise seen that poor administration of the income makes it very hard for the administration to enroll talented and compelling representatives for the associations. Money is the life saver of the business. In the wake of meeting all the costs and expenses of the business tasks, the rest of the money accumulated or spared by the administration of the organizations decides the supportability and endurance of the business. The administration of money inside the associations is of most extreme centrality. Subsequently practical projections and viable checking of the money assortments and the payment help the administration to develop solid monetary position along these lines clinging to the budgetary limitations. It is very clear that an organization can do nothing without a powerful and productive money the board strategy (Cooke Leadbetter, 2003). Satisfactory money adjusts in the records of the business associations help the administration to have a proficient approach or technique of overseeing money in a legitimate way. In this way this examination will involve the significance or essentialness of keeping up money inside the associations. On the off chance that the money outpourings are adequately kept up and overseen, at that point it is workable for the administration of the associations to guarantee that they can have the option to address all the issues and necessities of the business, for example, acquisition of crude materials, producing costs, bundling and circulation costs, work compensation, and so on. Once in a while it is likewise observed that so as to upgrade the notoriety and altruism of the organizations, the administration regularly utilizes their money adjusts in specific activities for which the net measure of money is decreased. It can enormously influence the prosperity and acknowledgment of the associations in this way driving them to decrease in their viability. Research points and goals Money the board is viewed as an expansive region of budgetary perspective that manages the procedures of how the business gathers and amasses cash, handles it, utilize it powerful for the tasks and control the outpouring in an appropriate manner. Money the board framework is hence a methodology that assists with dealing with all the angles identified with the monetary finish of the organizations in this way including the assortment of sufficient income alongside checking or keeping up an appropriate record of the venture of the net money estimation of the organizations and different resources. The administrative mediation of the powerful money the executives will along these lines empower the organizations to remain adaptable and dissolvable in the general market they are working (Costantini, 2006). Consequently the scientists planned for detailing this examination in a legitimate manner in order to assess the general effect of money the executives on the business associations and how the monetary supervisors have had the option to suggest compelling procedures for overseeing money and controlling the stream in a productive manner. Consequently the standard destinations of the exploration study led by the analysts are downplayed underneath: To investigate the liquidity position of the organization and assess the productive utilization of the money related assets of the business To have the option to draw the spending plan for all the branches of the business firms with the goal that they can without much of a stretch control the inordinate surge of money and improve the money inflows through successful money the board strategies To decide the connection between the liquidity of the business firms and their endurance To discover what every single vital advance and methods can the money related chiefs receive or execute with the goal that they can guarantee the hierarchical quality and viability Research questions As referenced in the examination before, money the executives is a lot of required and required inside the associations, particularly in the little scope business undertakings so they can have the option to guarantee achievement and gainfulness of the organizations on long haul premise. Without legitimate administration of money, it is very unthinkable for the organizations to control their money outpourings and discover standard money inflows making the business activities a triumph. Money assortment are the most fitting frameworks that target diminishing a lot of time in assortment of money owed by the organizations (Fabozzi Masonson, 1995). There are sure wellsprings of time slacks engaged with the money assortment and payment procedure, for example, the handling glide, mail coast, bank skim, and so forth. Subsequently it is the prime worry of the money related administrators of the organizations to deal with the incomes viably so it can endeavor to abbreviate the length and by an d large effect of all these buoy periods. Certain inquiries can be featured in this regard by the analysts which they will assess and discover before the finish of their investigation. Those examination questions are as per the following: In what manner can the business firms achieve the liquidity position by dealing with the incomes? By what method can the business undertakings utilization of the budgetary assets of the business successfully for guaranteeing their prosperity and gainfulness? What is the connection between the liquidity of the business firms and their endurance? What strategies can be consolidated inside the business in order to productively deal with the money assortment and dispensing? All these above headed inquiries will assist the scientists with accomplishing and meet the real point of the examination in this manner giving the most fitting answers applicable to the inquiries portraying the effect of the administrative ramifications of money the executives inside the associations. Defense and potential yield of the exploration venture This specific research venture is concerned for the most part with the assessment of the ramifications of money the board methodology on the prosperity and adequacy of the business associations. It has been thus seen and surveyed that money must be gathered and kept up much successfully by the monetary chiefs which will empower them to find out the real money assortment and its outpouring for the endurance of the business (Fabozzi Masonson, 1995). This subject of research is the most extreme basic theme which will require further examination and assessment so the specialists can determine the diverse convenience in executing money the executives methods inside the associations that have the probability to lead the organizations to the most elevated pinnacle of achievement and acknowledgment. It is very common that the business associations can flourish for progress and accomplishment in the event that they can deal with their money sum successfully by agreeing to all the monetary principles and guidelines (Grieves, 1992). When the cash is being gathered or amassed, a large portion of the business undertakings are probably going to continue towards focusing on essentially focusing on the money of the organizations. The scientists have consequently indicated enthusiasm for additional enquiry so as to investigate the commencement of the business to have unlimited authority over the money and have a lot of chances for speculation on the future undertakings. As indicated by Flaherty, (2015), another most significant part of money the board inside the associations is to pick up information about the net money parity of the business. The administration must settle on different techniques and methodologies for making an otherworldly money balance. It is anyway be informed that the rule thought process behind keeping up a decent money balance inside the undertakings is to control the money payment and guarantee liquidity of business (Hovakimian, 2009). It is the most noteworthy perspective inside the associations as by dealing with the net money will in this manner help the directors to make sure about the endurance of the business and keep up a solid monetary position. According to Rosecky,

There is no set topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

There is no set theme - Essay Example In the third verse the artist clarifies the reality again that both the streets didn't hold a lot of distinction. He imagines that he will return to stroll on the other street later. However, regardless of this he knows about the way that him won't be able to return again and pick the other street. In the last refrain of the sonnet, Frost clarifies that after years he will really be imparting his experience to other people and reveal to them that he had an alternative of picking one of the two ways in the forested areas. He will share the purpose behind his decision. â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has a profound message to pass on and isn't just about the forested areas and decision of the way that he takes. The sonnet clarifies the event that occurs in the life of each person. It presents the event of decision that comes in the life of an individual. In the life of an individual, there are numerous examples when one needs to pick between a wide range of choices and an individual needs to think before taking a choice. This happens ordinarily and is a typical event in the life of pretty much every person. The decision relates to numerous significant issues. This significance of decision is meant by Frost’s disarray before deciding for one of the ways in the wood and he dissects them two preceding picking one of them. Likewise it clarifies the way that it is exceptionally hard for an individual to return to a similar point in his life and start again on the grounds that each choice that an individual takes starts a course o f occasions which needs the individual to take further choices. Subsequently it is difficult to really move back again and start from the scratch. The sonnet additionally presents a significant part of human instinct which is disappointment. An individual is forever discontent with what he gets and what he selects. He for the most part continues imagining that on the off chance that he had picked the subsequent choice, he may have been in a superior position and this equivocalness is seen in Frost’s sonnet when he moreover

Cuba Essay Topics For College Scholarships

Cuba Essay Topics For College ScholarshipsA Cuban citizen may want to take a Cuban-American Human Rights Scholarship essay for serious consideration. This is a scholarship program that is specifically designed to help students who are struggling financially. Students who have both parents who are citizens of the United States are eligible for this program and are given the opportunity to earn a degree.If you are able to attend a University, many will consider this program, especially if you hold a bachelor's degree. Many people already have scholarships which they can apply for and there are a number of scholarships available.When applying for an application for this scholarship, many will look at the application questions first. You must make sure that you are answering all the questions correctly and they will need proof of your academic performance. In addition, you will need to answer a number of questions about your interest in studying abroad in a country. Many believe that stu dying abroad is more helpful than studying in the United States.In addition to the essay topics, there are several other questions that students may be asked to prepare for. Students will be asked what their particular area of interest is and they will be asked about the class that they would like to take in their choice of major. They will also be asked about their love of animals.They will also be asked about any plans for a vacation and where they plan to stay when they are there. Any trip that will take place during their senior year should be well documented in the application. By preparing a well researched and creative essay, you can increase your chances of being accepted into this scholarship program.Students are encouraged to get started on some new language courses that may help them to enhance their skills. By taking Spanish or French classes, students will be improving their ability to communicate with people who speak those languages and improve their understanding of culture. Students can find that by taking a foreign language course, they can increase their opportunities to travel throughout the world.After considering this program, it is time for the student to prepare for the competition. By preparing a great essay, your odds of being accepted for this scholarship program will be greatly increased.

DBQ for AP US History Essay - 2093 Words

Chapter 6: The Duel for North America 1. Why was the French Empire ultimately so much less successful than either the Spanish or the British Empires? The French were less successful then both the Spanish and the British because they were late to jump to the gun on the race to claim land in the new world, by time the French stared colonizing the new world the British had already settled on the east coast, and the Spanish in south America, so basically they had to take what is now known as Canada by default, because that is all that was left. 2. If France, instead of Britain, had won the â€Å"duel for North America,† would the thirteen colonies ever have become independent of Britain, or would they have been forced to stay within the†¦show more content†¦3. Were all the American grievances really justified, or were the British actually being more reasonable than most Americans have traditionally believed? Yes, they were justifiable, America was getting protection and a steady business partner, furthering their economic boom, when Britain put the taxes on American products, America had over reacted a bit, it was a small increase in the price of goods, but it was enough to cause hoopla over. 4. What was the Revolutionary movement, at its core, really all about? Was it about the amount of taxation, the right of Parliament to tax, the political corruption of Britain and the virtue of America, the right of a king to govern America, or the colonies’ growing sense of national identity apart from Britain? Was the Revolution truly a radical overturning of government and society—the usual definition of a revolution—or something far more limited or even conservative in its defense of traditional rights? The American Revolution was about America wanting to secede from Britain, to govern themselves as a new union, the United States of America, it would negate any ties they had to Britain and would solve the taxation without representation, No, the American Revolution was not a radical overturn of government, it was America fighting for their freedom of Britain so they could be one union instead of always referred to as the colonies, to get rid of the relentless taxes that were beingShow MoreRelatedAP Us History DBQ977 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ American expansionism in the late 19th century and early 20th century was, to a large extent, a continuation of past United States expansionism, while also departing with previous expansionism in some aspects. During the period of time between the late 19th century and early 20th century, America was going through significant changes. 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Capitalism Is Not Only Brings Out The Worst - 1726 Words

Capitalism is, tautologically, private ownership over the means of production. On face, the notion of a capitalistic society epitomizes the essence of freedom; ownership entails control, power, and potential for bargaining. I contend, however, that a holistic analysis of the capitalist institution exposes the foreground as an ugly facade. In short, I will show that capitalism not only brings out the worst in people, but also, sustains a pathological cycle of violence. I will first provide a framework discussion of my analysis, summarize the hypocrisies and development of capitalism, and then demonstrate the horrific result of value-driven trade. Through the Looking Glass In order to discuss the modes of violence inherent in any symbolic order, a discussion of violence must precede its effects. It is easy to observe what I will call ‘subjective’ violence; however, doing so taints an ‘objective’ assessment. 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Management strategies for higher education - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management strategies for higher education. Answer: Introduction In this report as a consultant I have taken Room division department to explain role of outsource services and how an organisation can be benefitted from outsourcing. Room division department is the main source of revenue generation. It is the largest department, as it includes combination of departments such as front desk, reservations, housekeeping and laundry department. Some hotels include laundry service in housekeeping department, while some have separate department. The room division department provides all the services expected by guests during their stay (Beckers, Voordt Dewulf, 2015). Room division is a part of accommodation management. The accommodation has important role in the overall experience of travellers. It is a big part of travellers expenditure. The department provides accommodation according to the taste and budget of guests. It is the responsibility of department to train staff and maintain quality standards. The department collects the largest revenue from th e sale of guest rooms. The role and functions of room division department are explained. The report also explains the role and need of customers. The benefits and drawbacks of using outsourcing in department are also discussed. Room division department Room division is the department which first contact with customers. It is the prime job of department to make guests comfortable. The majority of the revenue of hotels is collected from the room division department. The division is composed of four different departments: Front office is usually located at the entrance of hotel. It registers guests, assigns rooms and keeps record of their check-in and check-out. The front office also includes cash section. The department is responsible to coordinate with guests and fulfilling their needs. The guest relies on the department throughout their stay for service. It also prepares summary of all department revenues. The reservation department is responsible for receiving and processing reservation. The staff maintains reservation records and tracks availability of rooms to make sure that no date is overbooked. The reservation can be done by telephone, travel agents and walk-in. The guests usually prefer to do reservation online as nobody want to wait. The department considers two type of reservation- confirmed and guaranteed (Gssling Lane, 2015). Housekeeping department is responsible for cleanliness of rooms, washrooms and public area. The department employs large number of people. The staff takes charge of bed-making and take care of press control. The staff makes stay of guests pleasant by taking care of them from check-in to check-out. Managing linen is also important task of staff. The laundry department coordinates with housekeeping department to know the daily needs of laundry. The department ensures that the quality of sheets, napkins and towels is maintained. It also keeps check on the laundry and removes the stained clothes. It keeps stock of material and linen required for daily operation. Role, task and functions of room division Room division department provides every type of service desired by employees to make their stay convenient and memorable. It is the first department where guest approaches. It contributes maximum revenue and profits. The department assigns work to supervisors and prepares all the necessary documents required for the day to day operation. The functions of room division can be understand by its departments. Front office: The guests rely on front office throughout their stay. The functions of department are The department register guests and assign them rooms. Keeps record of check-in and check-out of guests. Provides information about the accommodation and attraction to guests. Provides every kind of service required by guests. It performs book keeping duties by balancing cash accounts. Schedules staff in different departments of hotel. Handles complain and request of guests. Reservation: The reservation can be done online or by telephone and walk-in. The department ensures availability of rooms by keeping check on the availability of rooms. The functions performed by the department are: The department assures availability of room by guaranteed reservation. The department provides the room even the guest arrives late (Farzadnia Giles, 2015). It makes arrival of guests easy by doing reservation on real time. Avoid customer resentment of being overcharged. Housekeeping: It takes charge of cleaning in accommodation. The department employs large number of employees. The functions can be prescribed as: The staff of cleaning ensures cleaning of rooms, lobby, washrooms and public area. The pest control service is also performed by the department. Takes care of equipment needed in accommodation and carries repair work whenever required. Takes charge of bed making to provide extra comfort to guests. The department handles keys of room before check-in and after check-out of guests. Ensures safety by taking care of the belongings of guests. Laundry: The department manages the linen supply. It includes supply of napkins, towel, bathrobe and bed sheets. It also provides stream pressing service to guests. It performs the function of dry-cleaning for guests. It manages the supply of linen for housekeeping staff. The department also takes care of the uniform of staff in hotel. Role of customer and customer needs It is essential to fulfil need of customers to attain loyalty of customers. It is the only thing which can bring a customer back. The major duty of department is to provide service to customers. In result it can create positive experience. If any customer complaints, the department immediately tries to resolve the problem so that they do not face any problem. The guests first interact at front office, which is a part of room division (Jones Giacon, 2017). It maintains account of guests from their arrival to stay and departure. The reservation department confirms the availability of rooms. It allots rooms to the customers who have already registered. The department also provides guaranteed reservation. The housekeeping is the also one of the departments of room division. It ensures cleaning of accommodation. There are some other tasks which are performed by them such as pest controlling, linen management and repairing equipment (Harder, Wagner Rash, 2016). At last, the laundry depar tment makes available linen such as towel, napkins and bed sheets. The department also takes charge of washing and dry cleaning linen. Torn and damaged linen are dumped by the department. It also carries laundry function for guests. The needs of customers are: Deliver what was promised: It has been always important to keep customers happy and engaged. To make sure visit of customers again, it is important to deliver what was promised. The front office management takes charge of it. Conducts reservation inquiry: The reservation department conducts reservation inquiry. The room also determines the availability and rate of rooms. The customers can easily resolve their inquiry at reservation department (Sal, et. al. 2014). The department is responsible for maintaining reservation record. Cleanliness and hygiene: A high standard of cleanliness is maintained in the accommodation by housekeeping department to keep customers engaged. It puts positive impact on guests. Hygiene is maintained in the washrooms and public area. Laundry services: The staff of laundry department handles laundry of accommodation and in some cases guest laundry is also handled. The department also carries task of cleaning linen such as washing and ironing. It also takes charge of purchasing linen (Ofodile, 2015). Steps taken by Accommodation manager Accommodation manager makes all the necessary arrangements for the training of staff to ensure efficient working of accommodation. Accommodation manger is responsible for the safety of guests who make visit to hotel. Monitors the performance of department by investigation. Analyse the service provided by the departments. Takes room division and operations meeting (Zhu Sun, 2017). Determines the price of rooms. Reviews arrival and departure of the day. Outsourcing Outsourcing is contracting with companies to facilitate activities of organisation. It holds competitive advantage. Outsourcing can be used to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Laundry, horticulture and pest control are the areas where department can easily outsource services. A department can better focus on the performance by outsourcing its activities. The senior manager has been advised by the consultant to outsource companies. The service provided by outsource companies is professional and ensures growth and development. Outsourcing is feasible for room division department. The staff employed by outsource companies is expert and reduces the burden in front office management (Pathumporn Nakapaksin, 2016). The department can save the time of recruiting staff by contracting with outsource companies. The department can save the time of training as the staff recruited by such companies is already trained. It is also seen that staff recruited by outsource companies is good in main taining reservation system and laundry department. The tough decision in outsourcing is to choose the relevant company which is serving from years. Benefits of outsourcing are: Expert staff: The staff provided by the outsource companies has usually better understanding of front office management and are expert in performing their tasks (Panke, Svede Jaschinski, 2017). Cost saving: Outsourcing helps in saving costs, taxes, resources and time. The department does not have need to conduct session for recruitments. The hotel just contacts to the outsource companies and it makes available the staff in short span of time and at less prices (lvarez-Garca, et. al. 2017). Customer satisfaction: It has seen that the guests are more satisfied when the staff is skilled and expert. As they wisely handle problem and request of customers. Such staff is bound to perform certain level of service and quality. No investment: The department do not have need to invest capital for equipment. There is always availability of cash for conducting activities. In the laundry department, the hotel does not have need to maintain machines for washing and dry cleaning. Drawbacks of outsourcing are: Lack of stability: Outsourced staff kept on changing due to lack of stability. Staff leaves the contract in between order for better opportunities. They also do not have authority to get their problem solved by room division department so it leads to drop their job. Quality service: Sometimes the staff allocated in the department is not able to perform duties well. That staff may be expert in activities of particular department. So, their skill should be judged sensibly by the outsourced companies (Dimalibot, et. al. 2014). Loyalty and ethics: The staff is not loyal when it comes to providing service to second party. They use inferior products and it may affect environment. Their work is also unethical. Higher risk: Outsourcing can sometimes lead to risk and illegal activities. As, sometimes the staff can be involved in some unlawful acts. It is also seen that he staff is also not skilled in the specific section (Mitchell, 2016). Recommendations It has been noticed that the hotels can perform effectively by using outsource companies. It helps in gaining competitive advantage. By outsourcing the hotels are able to get quality manpower and specialised services. The staff provided by companies is expert which increases efficiency of departments. The hotels have been successful to save cost of equipment by outsourcing company. The staff competently handles reservation system. They are taught professionally by such companies. It reduces the work load of department by providing better services (Micelotta, 2014). The departments can focus on departments in better way and can get better opportunities in the market. It is also helpful in controlling managerial activities. Outsourcing gives a different recognition in the market. Conclusion From this report it has been concluded that room division department provides expert service by its different departments such as front office, reservation, housekeeping and laundry department. These departments take care of customers from their check-in to check-out. It fulfils the need of customers above their expectation level which results in positive experience of customers. Outsourcing is also used by the departments to provide better service to guests (Gssling, Hall Andersson, 2016). It helps in reducing cost and resources of accommodation. It saves time of recruiting staff. The department uses time in better activities which boosts sale of rooms. References lvarez-Garca, J., lvarez-Garca, J., del Ro-Rama, M.D.L.C., del Ro-Rama, M.D.L.C., Simonetti, B. and Simonetti, B., 2017. Quality management and customer results: the tourist accommodation sector in Spain.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,34(5), pp.701-719. Beckers, R., Voordt, D.V.D. and Dewulf, G., 2015. Management strategies for aligning higher education accommodation with the user needs.Journal of corporate real estate,17(2), pp.80-97. Dimalibot, G.A., Diokno, J.D., Icalla, M.F., Mangubat, M.R.C. and Villapando, L.C., 2014. Employment Status of the Tourism Graduates of Batch 2013 in Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas.Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research,11(1), pp.46-56. Farzadnia, S. and Giles, H., 2015. Patient-provider health interactions: A communication accommodation theory perspective.International Journal of Society, Culture Language,3(2), p.17. Gssling, S. and Lane, B., 2015. Rural tourism and the development of Internet-based accommodation booking platforms: a study in the advantages, dangers and implications of innovation.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(8-9), pp.1386-1403. Gssling, S., Hall, C.M. and Andersson, A.C., 2016. The manager's dilemma: a conceptualization of online review manipulation strategies.Current Issues in Tourism, pp.1-20. Harder, H.G., Wagner, S. and Rash, J., 2016.Mental illness in the workplace: Psychological disability management. Routledge. Jones, B. and Giacon, M., 2017. A work in progress: The ndis interface with a supported youth accommodation facility.Parity,30(4), p.33. Micelotta, E.R., 2014, January. Institutional Maintenance as Accommodation of Change: Open Access in Higher Education Publishing. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 11742). Academy of Management. Mitchell, T., 2016. The light duty guy an autoethnographic exploration of the discourse surrounding workplace accommodation and disability management in the Canadian mining and construction industry. Ofodile, U.E., 2015. Africa and International Arbitration: from Accommodation and Acceptance to Active Engagement.Transnational Dispute Management (TDM),12(4). Panke, K., Svede, A. and Jaschinski, W., 2017, January. Changes in physiological astigmatism of human eye during accommodation in emmetropes (Conference Presentation). InInfrared Sensors, Devices, and Applications VI(Vol. 9974, p. 99740K). International Society for Optics and Photonics. Pathumporn, J. and Nakapaksin, S., 2016. Accommodation Management For Integrated Sustainable Tourism Management.International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning,11(3), pp.236-244. Sal, A., Garriga, A., Rigall-I-Torrent, R., Vila, M. and Fluvi, M., 2014. Do implicit prices for hotels and second homes show differences in tourists valuation for public attributes for each type of accommodation facility?.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, pp.120-129. Zhu, X. and Sun, C., 2017, January. The Positive Effect of Workplace Accommodation On Creative Performance. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2017, No. 1, p. 15188). Academy of Management.

MODEL UNIT IV TEST EC202 MICROECONOMICS Essays - Labour Economics

MODEL UNIT IV TEST EC202: MICROECONOMICS 1. The term "derived demand" refers to the idea that a change in the A. demand for one good, say, tennis racquets, will affect the demand for related goods, say, tennis balls. B. demand for a good is affected by the supply of that good. C. demand for a good will affect the demand for the factors used to produce that good. D. supply of a factor will affect the demand for that factor. E. price of a factor will affect the price of the good produced with that factor. 2. The price of the product multiplied by the marginal physical product of the factor is the definition of the ______________ of that factor. A. value of marginal product B. marginal factor cost C. marginal physical product D. total factor cost E. marginal revenue product 3. The economist says that in order to maximize profits (minimize costs), any firm should hire a factor of production up until the point where: A. VMP = MRP B. MRP = MFC C. W = MFC D. W = VMP E. VMP = MFC 4. If MRP = VMP, we can conclude that the firm in question is A. maximizing profits B. minimizing costs C. a perfect competitor in the factor market D. a perfect competitor in the product market E. all of the above 5. The effect of an increase in the wage rate that causes the amount of labor supplied by the individual worker to decrease is called the _________ effect. A. complement B. substitution C. income D. normal E. inferior 6. If W = MFC, we can conclude that the firm in question is A. maximizing profits B. minimizing costs C. a perfect competitor in the factor market D. a perfect competitor in the product market E. all of the above 7. Which of the following changes would cause a firms demand for labor to increase (the labor demand curve shift to the right)? A. an increase in the price of the product being produced B. a decrease in the wage rate C. an increase in the marginal physical product of labor D. all the above E. A and C but not B 8. Applying the least-cost rule to two factors, a firm will A. maximize profits at the output at which MRP = MFC. B. minimize costs when the MPP of factor A equals the MPP of factor B. C. minimize costs when the MRP of factor A equals the MRP of factor B. D. minimize costs when the MPP of factor A divided by the price of A equals the MPP of factor B divided by the price of B. E. do none of the above. 9. A firms demand for labor will be less elastic under which of the following conditions? A. the more good substitutes there are for labor B. the larger is the ratio of labor costs to total cost C. the less elastic is the demand for the good being produced D. all the above E. none of the above 10. Accountants can either work at accounting firms or they can teach accounting at a university. The supply of labor in the market for accountants who teach at universities would increase (the supply curve would shift to the right) as a result of which of the following changes? A. a decrease in the fringe benefits for accountants working at accounting firms B. an increase in the fringe benefits for accounting professors C. a decrease in the wage rate for accountants working at accounting firms D. all the above E. none of the above 11. If, at a particular wage rate in a competitive market, the quantity supplied of labor exceeds the quantity demanded of labor, then A. the supply curve will shift to the left, the demand curve will shift to the right, and the surplus of labor will be eliminated. B. since wages are so high, the quantity supplied of workers will increase further, and the quantity demanded will decrease further. C. some workers will begin to accept lower wages and, as a result, employers will begin to hire more workers, and the wage will decrease until equilibrium is reached. D. the supply curve will shift to the right, the demand curve will shift to the left, and the shortage of labor will be eliminated. E. none of the above would happen. 12. The marginal productivity theory states that A. as variable inputs are added to a fixed quantity of other inputs eventually the additional output produced by each additional variable input will decrease. B. inputs will be used most efficiently when the additional output gained from

Structural Functionalism Essays

Structural Functionalism Essays Structural Functionalism Paper Structural Functionalism Paper STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM: IT’S ROLE IN COMMUNICATION Structural functionalism  is a broad perspective in  sociology  and  anthropology  which sets out to interpret society as a  structure  with interrelated parts. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely  norms,  customs,  traditions  and  institutions. A common analogy, popularized by  Herbert Spencer, presents these parts of society as organs that work toward the proper functioning of the body as a whole. 1]  In the most basic terms, it simply emphasizes the effort to impute, as rigorously as possible, to each feature, custom, or practice, its effect on the functioning of a supposedly stable, cohesive system. For  Talcott Parsons, structural-functionalism came to describe a particular stage in the methodological development of social science, rather than a specific school of thought. [2][3] Classical functionalist theories are defin ed by a tendency towards biological analogy and notions of  social evolutionism: Functionalist thought, from Comte onwards, has looked particularly towards biology as the science providing the closest and most compatible model for social science. Biology has been taken to provide a guide to conceptualizing the structure and the function of social systems and to analysing processes of evolution via mechanisms of adaptation functionalism strongly emphasises the pre-eminence of the social world over its individual parts (i. . its constituent actors, human subjects). -   Anthony Giddens  The Constitution of Society  1984,  [4] Whilst one may regard functionalism as a logical extension of the organic analogies for society presented by  political philosophers  such as  Rousseau, sociology draws firmer attention to those institutions unique to industrialised capitalist society (or  modernity). Functionalism also has an anthropological basis in the work of theorists such as  Marcel Mauss,  Bronislaw Malinowski  and  Radcliffe-Brown. It is in Radcliffe-Browns specific usage that the prefix structural emerged. 5] Durkheim proposed that most stateless, primitive societies, lacking strong centralised institutions, are based on an association of corporate-descent groups. Structural functionalism also took on Malinowskis argument that the basic building block of society is the  nuclear family, and that the  clan  is an outgrowth, not vice versa. Durkheim was concerned with the question of how certain societies maintain internal stability and survive over time. He proposed that such societies tend to be segmented, with equivalent parts held together by shared values, common symbols or, as his nephew Marcel Mauss held, systems of exchanges. In modern, complicated societies, members perform very different tasks, resulting in a strong interdependence. Based on the  metaphor  above of an organism in which many parts function together to sustain the whole, Durkheim argued that complicated societies are held together by organic  solidarity. These views were upheld by Radcliffe-Brown, who, following Comte, believed that society constitutes a separate level of reality, distinct from both biological and inorganic matter. Explanations of social phenomena had therefore to be constructed within this level, individuals being merely transient occupants of comparatively stable social roles. The central concern of structural functionalism is a continuation of the Durkheimian task of explaining the apparent stability and internal cohesion needed by societies to endure over time. Societies are seen as coherent, bounded and fundamentally relational constructs that function like organisms, with their various parts (or social institutions) working together in an unconscious, quasi-automatic fashion toward achieving an overall social equilibrium. All social and cultural phenomena are therefore seen as functional in the sense of working together, and are effectively deemed to have lives of their own. They are primarily analyzed in terms of this function. The individual is significant not in and of himself but rather in terms of his status, his position in patterns of social relations, and the behaviours associated with his status. The social structure, then, is the network of statuses connected by associated roles. It is simplistic to equate the perspective directly with political  conservativism. [6]  The tendency to emphasise cohesive systems, however, leads functionalist theories to be contrasted with conflict theories which instead emphasise social problems and inequalities. Radcliffe-Brown’s theory can be applied even to the modern age communication, where the overall society can be seen as com prising of several components, like institutions, mores, norms, customs and so on, within which there are several smaller units. A human individual can be counted as a single and most basic unit of any of these â€Å"organs. † Just like in a human body, where every organ has a function, each individual can have a part to play in the bigger body of society, which is all-important in order for the human body to function. These functions can be accounted as a role, which could be based in society, culture, economy or even politics. These roles are very well portrayed in advertising, movies and literature, sometimes even emerging as stereotypes. However, these stereotypes can also be used as a positive role model. As long as this principle is not enforced on any individual unwillingly, and each carries out his ‘role’ satisfactorily, then a society tends to run smooth. However, the threat of misusing a natural hierarchy always lingers, as history has always shown. Vidya Nair PGP1 18081 Section A

Plastic sorgery Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plastic sorgery - Annotated Bibliography Example ccessful Asian blepharoplasty need exceptional strategic considerations due to the occurrence of wide scarring and insufficient muscle, skin, as well as preaponeurotic fat and due to the infrequent occurrence of dehiscence of levator aponeurosis. Through using cautious preoperative evaluation, precise measurements, intraoperative fat grafting or repositioning, accurate preoperative planning, skin redraping or excision, and correct placement of fixing sutures, successful results can be attained. The authors weigh up the results and discuss the surgical procedures, which were applied in achieving successful results in this challenging group of patients. This article aims to offer more than a summarized explanation of upper blepharoplasty in Asian patients. According to this article, the upper lid blepharoplasty is the most widespread plastic surgery procedure done in Asia and has time and again maintained its place as a cultural acceptance and ways have developed. The article depicts this Asian upper lid blepharoplasty as a complex procedure, which needs proper knowledge of the anatomy and accurate surgical techniques. It also discusses the many evolutions that the supratarsal crease has gone through and also the principles and goals, which have all remained the same throughout this evolution: a useful, naturally-appealing eyelid crease, which brings out the glamour of the Asian culture. It finally discusses the recent advances, which have enhanced functional and aesthetic outcomes of the Asian upper lid blepharoplasty. This book is an all-encompassing, multi-specialty book as well as surgical atlas, on eyelid reconstruction otherwise referred to as blepharoplasty. It presents several competing and harmonizing techniques by leading professionals in the world of plastic surgery, oculoplastic surgery and facial plastic surgery. Just the most ground-breaking and time-tested blepharoplasty procedures are discussed in step-by-step, clarifying detail in this book. All

Patsy Cline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Patsy Cline - Essay Example The posthumous Patsy bears only a partial resemblance to the live Patsy, who we can now know only through interviews and pictures." (Jensen, 107) An analysis of what has happened to Patsy Cline's image over time reveals how femininity is constructed in country music and popular culture, in general. This paper, therefore, focuses on the life and music career of Patsy Cline in relation to her country music, which discloses the true merit of her music and answers the question what makes her so important a musical genius. Patsy Cline has been remarkably considered to be the most influential country musician of the last century, and her posthumous influence on the development of country music is even more significant. Her performance career started in the mid 1940s and came to a startling close with her murder in a plane crash in 1963. Patsy started her recording career in Nashville by the year 1955 and soon became a member of the Opry. Her rich tone and emotionally expressive bold contralto voice earned her a great status among her contemporaries. These qualities, accompanied by her image as the sole mover in the country music industry, made Patsy an international figure, and they also inspired several vocalists of different music genres. Therefore, the image of Cline as the most celebrated of the country musicians is categorical. She was a country pop star and her fame was established by the various performing on radio and television broadcasts etc. Patsy Cline has been a country artist who consisten tly fought the pop styling, and one of the major factors ensuring her success as a renowned musician is her desire to be... Patsy Cline has been remarkably considered to be the most influential country musician of the last century, and her posthumous influence on the development of country music is even more significant. Her performance career started in the mid 1940s and came to a startling close with her murder in a plane crash in 1963. Patsy started her recording career in Nashville by the year 1955 and soon became a member of the Opry. Her rich tone and emotionally expressive bold contralto voice earned her a great status among her contemporaries. These qualities, accompanied by her image as the sole mover in the country music industry, made Patsy an international figure, and they also inspired several vocalists of different music genres. Therefore, the image of Cline as the most celebrated of the country musicians is categorical. She was a country pop star and her fame was established by the various performing on radio and television broadcasts etc. Patsy Cline has been a country artist who consisten tly fought the pop styling, and one of the major factors ensuring her success as a renowned musician is her desire to be consistent with country style as against the trends of popular pop music of the time. Though her voice had been flat, rich and ‘pop’ sounding, she always chose to be a country singer, and her resentment of being forced into recording slower, more melodic material earned her the crown of country music.

Christianity and Justice Essay Example for Free

Christianity and Justice Essay Christianity emphasises justice, while others emphasise compassion; this statement is fundamental in the belief of Christians. Justice means to have moral rightness that is based on ethics, civil laws, natural laws and religion. One of the Ten Commandments states, Love thy neighbor as thy self. This Statement was repeated seven times in the Bible, once in the Old Testament and six times in the New Testament. It is quite clear to me that our capacity to have this kind of love must be foremost in the mind of God, this also demonstrates that all individuals should be treated equally and as you would like others to treat you. Justice equated to equality. The Christian bible has many examples from both the old and New Testament that gives examples of Jesus wanting all his followers to treat each other in a just way. E. g. when he came across a lady who had been caught in the act of adultery and the crowds wanted to stone her to death and Jesus reminded them that they were all guilty of sin and they he who had not sinned should cast the first stone. Jesus throughout the many encounters with believers and non-believers has spread the message of justice and peace. In Isaiah 56:1 this is what the Lord says â€Å"Maintain justice and do what is right, ? for my salvation is close at hand and my righteousness will soon be revealed. This conveys Christianity as a religion, is based on the belief that all people should be treated equally and those who fault should be forgiven. It is a religion based on forgiveness and therefore a religion, which places value on justice. Example from the New Testament is Luke 16 The Rich Man and the Beggar, the is about a rich man who was greedy and did not share his wealth nor listed to the guidance that was offered to him while on earth and the beggar who lived a poor but good life and shared what little he had with others. On death both men were judged by God and the rich man asked if he could return to warn his bothers so that they could change their ways and God answered that all people are treated equally and all have the same opportunities to follow his example and that he would not be given special privileged just because he was rich on earth. An example of a similar scenario is the quote â€Å"Blessed Are the Poor in Spirit† found in Matthew 5:1-13 Throughout the ages the faith of Christianity continues to demonstrate that its followers choose to live a life based on justice that comes from equality. The church does not value its members by their individual wealth or social standing and many not for profit organizations are Christian based. These were commenced to give people Christian or otherwise a fair go and an opportunity to participate on an equal standing in our community. Families who take advantage of this assistance do so in times of hardship. Organizations such as Centacare Catholic community services or Anglicare Anglican based are there to service the community, as a whole regardless of religious believes. Their service to the community is to ensure a level of equality for all. Jesus’ teachings were about looking after one another, being equal and not judging or discriminating against someone. Martin Luther was determined to focus on Jesus’ teachings, as the â€Å"somewhat corrupt† practices performed by the Vatican became Particularly troubling to him, as it was against the nature of divine justice, which Jesus had once shown. Martin Luther wanted the adherents of Christianity to be able to access the teachings of Jesus Christ without the Vatican selling indulgences, which was basically the buying of forgiveness of sins instead of repentance and/or penance. In conclusion, I believe the quote Christianity emphasises Justice, while others emphasise compassion is still in practice in today’s society as it was in the days of Jesus.

Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Education Teaching Careers Essays

Educational Goals and Philosophy In this day in age, opposing views and philosophies are emerging in the public school systems quicker that we can really develop a thorough understand and sound, sturdy opinion of them. As an educator, I believe it is important to be supportive and open-minded for the students. My concern is not only for the students’ education, but also their personal well being and emotions. Every student is raised differently, with beliefs and morals that may oppose the beliefs of their fellow students and teachers, as well as other members of their community. These students should not feel segregated or suffer from the harsh words and acts of others that may disagree with their views. My job is to secure the feelings of each student and to help them realize that this is one of life’s lessons and that they should face the world with an open mind and warm heart. These ideas represent my own personal beliefs. After reviewing the several different philosophies discussed in my education class, I have come to realize that I do not believe in one particular philosophy. I agree with several aspects of each of the different philosophies that are prominent in our nation’s schools. My classroom is going to be a positive learning environment and a comfortable, welcoming setting for all of my students. To be a great teacher, I need to be able to understand where my students are coming from when they express their concerns or show signs of confusion, pain, or any other behaviors that do not correspond with their personality. I want to know my students on an individual basis where I can have a loving, caring, understanding and open relationship with them and still gain their respect for me as an educator. The teachers that remain in my memory the most where the ones that thoroughly taught their lessons and strived to help each individual student understand the material and work to their fullest potential. These teachers were also the ones who expressed the most care and love for their students. They worked to develop a strong bond with each individual student so that they may feel secure and comfortable in their classroom, knowing that if they ever needed any help or support, their teacher was always the one they could turn to for guidance.

Political Science – The Cold War

The Cold War was a period of entrenched, ideological opposition, between the East Bloc-?the Soviet Union ND its allies-?and the West Bloc-?the united States and its allies-?in which both sides did everything to undermine one another, short of outright military conflict. As the age of empire came to its precipice in 1945 CE, the Cold War ensued and lasted for decades, to about 1989 CE.The Second World War heralded a new international system that was not based on empire; it was based on the diametrically opposed binaries of the East Bloc and West Bloc, which defined the international system for decades thenceforth. The stakes On 08 August 1 945, the United States released atomic bombs in Hiroshima ND Nagasaki, Japan. For those individuals that grew up during the Cold War, the threat of nuclear war was constant. Cold war chronology: the dates Yalta conference: 04-?11 February, 1 945 Decided on the post-war division of Europe; the Cold War was not meant to occur.The great powers agreed o n the unconditional surrender of Germany; the division of Germany into four zones of occupation; free and fair elections in Poland, the Baltic states, and eastern Europe; the war criminals would be punished; and Europe would be divided into two spheres of influence thence. Potsdam conference: 17 July-?02 august 1945 Participants were the Soviet union, the united States, and the United Kingdom and they agreed to work together. Germany would be demutualization, democratic, demoralized, decentralized, and identified. Agreement on persecution Of the war criminals.Germany's eastern border would be shifted west from the Odder-Noise Line, reducing its size by about 25 percent compared to its 1 937 territory. â€Å"Orderly and humane† transfer of Germans from eastern Europe and Poland; Germans would be expelled from this area. Winston Churchill iron curtain speech: march 1946 The phrase â€Å"iron curtain† was coined by Churchill to describe the division of astern Europe from the west imposed by the Soviet Union. The key message was that an â€Å"iron curtain† descended upon Europe, and that the great cities of Berlin, Budapest, and Prague, among others, were within the Soviet Union sphere of influence.A spirit of collaboration and cooperation quickly dissolved between the Yalta and Potsdam conferences and Churchill speech. From here, the situation declined. German currency reform: 20 June 1948 Introduced the German Deutsche Mark in the Western occupation zones. The currency reform was the acceptance that there would not be one German economic zone governed by four powers; East and West Germany would have their Own currencies and the continent would be divided into two economic blocs. The German economy, suffering from a depression, was transformed.HOW did we get from 1945 to 1948 CE? Orthodox interpretation Revisionist interpretation George Seaman's thesis. Soviet Union has ingrained tendency for expansion and had to be checked; this tendency was rooted in the Soviet Union's history. Soviet Union had to treat outer world as hostile, as that hostility was key to its existence. Cold War resulted from American reaction to Soviet expansion. The fault of the Soviet Union. William Appleton Williams' thesis. The idea was to invert politics and economics.American policy was driven by a constant need for markets, explaining the constant expansion across the west in the United States, policy in Latin America, and hostility to the Soviet Union. An economic need determined American economic policy. The fault of the Americans. Political history of the cold war Stalin and Churchill: October 1944 Stalin and Churchill meet without Roosevelt and devise a â€Å"percentages agreement. † Europe would be divided into spheres of influence. Each power loud be given a certain percentage Of power over a jurisdiction.America protested against this plan. Stalin violated promises made to Churchill on the percentages. When Stalin went to the Yal ta Conference, he had already violated the percentages agreement. Stalin agreed to democratic elections without any intention of adhering to his pledge. Stalin asserted that the Soviet Union would determine policy in any area in which the Red Army occupied. Iran and turkey After the Second World War, the Soviet Union made moves on Iran and Turkey, giving the Soviet Union sovereignty and monopoly over Turkish traits.The Soviet Union demanded territory from Turkey and pushed troops into northern Iran, and only relinquished its control when the United States took the issue to the United Nations Security Council. Under diplomatic pressure, the Soviet union withdrew from these regions. It was in this politics that George Keenan wrote his â€Å"X† article. Eastern Europe: 1945-1948 CE The Soviet Union went on to install regimes through eastern Europe, including Poland, where a communist government was imposed by force; the Baltic states; Hungary; and in Czechoslovakia, there was br iefly a enigmatically elected government, which was overturned by the Soviet Union.In this politics, Germany became a line in the sand. German women were sexually assaulted across the Soviet occupied zone. The East German regime lost legitimacy; in response, the Western Allies created West Germany-?the front line of the Cold War. Western policy toward Germany was highlighted by denationalization and decentralization. In its most extreme, the plan was to restore Germany to agricultural lands-?making the Germans affluent but powerless. Germany reintegrated into the western canon as an ally. 06 September 1 946: secretary of state James f. Erne Noted in speech that the Americans wanted to assist the Germans work their way out of hardships, to rejoin the international community. A year later, the British pulled out of Greece, and the United States stepped in. â€Å"Stalin has broken every one of the promises he made at Yalta. † -Franklin Roosevelt â€Å"All of Germany must be our s; that is, Soviet communist. † -Joseph Stalin The Marshall plan: 1947 CE Massive destruction, starvation, and poverty across Europe necessitated an economic recovery plan. Currencies across Europe were severely devalued and raising credit was difficult. The Marshall Plan was announced by GeorgeMarshall in 1947 CE to kick-start the European economy. The economic recovery program provided credits to Europeans to purchase and import North American commodities. This was fundamental to reinvigorating the European economy. The Ignited States gave 13 billion dollars in rehabilitation aid. The plan was offered to the Soviet Union, but it was rejected; thus, all countries allied with the Soviet Union were forced to reject the plan as well. Stalin's reaction to the Marshall plan First and foremost, Stalin rejected the Marshall Plan and prohibited all Soviet allies from participating.In September 1 947, Stalin announced the formation f the Conform, to coordinate actions be;en communist parties under Soviet direction. Orders would be dictated from Moscow to the capitals in Soviet juju restrictions. â€Å"Don't start throwing your weight around. In Moscow, we know better how to apply Marxism-Leninism. † -Andrei Cadenza, spokesperson within the Conform In February 1948, Stalin approves a plan for a communist takeover of Czechoslovakia. Truman doctrine: 1947 CE The Truman Doctrine was a United States policy to halt the expansion of the Soviet Join during the Cold War.The policy sought to contain communism in Europe and elsewhere. Truman implored that the United States must support free peoples. The policy also provided military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey as the British pulled out. Berlin: city of binaries Berlin was deep within the Soviet bloc. Initially, in Berlin, there was some effort to collaborate between East and West Berlin. This began to break down as democratically elected officials in the Berlin Parliament were being harassed by communists. Berlin blockade: 24 June 1948 The Soviet Union decided to draw the entirety of Berlin into the Soviet zone.All land access points to West Berlin were cut off; travel was restricted and thing could be delivered. The Soviets offered to drop the blockade if the Western Allies withdrew the newly introduced Deutsche from West Berlin. Hunger was a strategic political tool. In response to this, the Western Allies arranged an airlift to carry supplies and necessities to the people Of West Berlin. The Western Allies managed to feed Berlin to get them through the winter. In early 1949, the blockade was lifted; effectively, it was a failure for Stalin and a propaganda disaster.For the Germans, the Americans became saviors and liberators; this cemented the German-American relationship. Battle lines set for the cold war On 01 October 1949, the Communist Party of China declared victory in the Chinese Civil War, and proclaimed the people's Republic of China. Williams' thesis was that America was ideologically hostile to China; however, there was brief hope that China would be communist but independent, allied to either side-?the Soviets and Americans. Moscow sought to bring China under its control.Mao-?the Chinese Communist party leader-?allied himself with Stalin and embraced a destructive and unbending version of Marxism-Leninism, which resulted in the obscene starvation of at least 30 million people between 1959 ND 1 961 when Mayo's theories of agriculture were lacking-?the Great Chinese Famine. During the Korean War, Mao-?aligned with the Soviet union and North Korea-?pitted 300,000 Chinese troops against South Korea, which was defended by the United States and the United Nations. The atomic age: the sass This period exemplifies the evolution of Cold War strategy.It was believed during the sass and sass that war could limited and conducted with nuclear weaponry. Policy was based on two ideas: cities would not be bombed, and Europe would be defended through a second Norm andy. Everything would be pulled off the continent, and nuclear bombs would be dropped along the coast. Cuban missile crisis: 1962 The idea of going to war ended with the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a basic illustration of international relations: behavior which is used as defensive by one faction is viewed as offensive by the other.As defense, the Ignited States installed missiles in Turkey; when Khrushchev, the Soviet Union's leader, got word of this, he installed missiles in Cuba. The Americans took images of the missiles in Cuba, and threatened the Soviet union that if the missiles were not withdrawn, war would ensue. In the early sass, the world edged closer to nuclear war than it had to that point. The Soviet Union backed down at the last moment, and the Americans began to draw conclusions from this: no one wants a nuclear war. Paradoxically, the idea of a limited nuclear war was abandoned as an idea; rather, mutual assured destruction would occur.Thus, any one nuclear assault would result in one response: a massive counterattack, resulting in a total war. The strategy to preserve peace, therefore, would be the constant threat Of the alternative: the risk of total war. This doctrine existed from the early sass o the mid-sass, and emerged again in the 1 9805. The central point was parity: peace can only be achieved in a nuclear world when both sides have an equal number of nuclear arms. The sass and sass: dtent, parity, and eventual dissolution The nuclear bombs race was characterized by the constant need for parity, and not madness on both sides like some peace writers suggest.Richard Nixon, the united States President, and Henry Singer, the United States Secretary of State, believed in the use of â€Å"carrots and sticks† to achieve dtent-?the loosening of tensions -with the Soviet Union. To achieve parity and end the ongoing nuclear race, both factions were to negotiate a reduction in nuclear arms-?they could step back tog ether. The idea behind this was classic realism: states with contrasting interests can only achieve cooperation through international institutions, rather than recognizing inherent state interests.There was a series of arms reductions in the 1 9705, which dissolved later in the decade, prompted by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the election of Ronald Reagan in the United States, who was ideologically hostile to the Soviet Union. Reagan believed that dtent had failed and revealed American weakness, potentially exposing America to strike by the Soviet Union. Thus, Reagan ramped up the rhetoric, called the Soviet Union an â€Å"evil empire,† and launched a massive American military expansion to increase defense. Soviet plans in 1979 CE The Soviet Union's plan was predicated on the assumption of a NATO attack.The plan was defensive, and in the event of an American attack, the Soviet union planned to sacrifice Poland; launch nuclear strikes on Vienna, Verona, Munich, Stutt gart, and Numerous; launch conventional attacks on Britain and France; assume Budapest destruction; and send Soviet troops to the Rhine. The intention was that the United States would negotiate and the Soviet Union would wage a nuclear war if the United States responded with a nuclear strike. On the brink of nuclear war: 1983 CE On 26 September 1 983, the threat of a total nuclear war was imminent.Ronald Reagan increased defense spending, which prompted the Yuri Android, the General Secretary of the Communist party in Soviet Union, to believe that the Americans were contemplating a preventative strike against the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union set-up new technology-?radar technology-?to detect attacks. In 1981 and 1 983, NATO launched a series of exercises. The most aggressive form was sending bombers near Soviet Union air space, and then having them keel Off. There were naval exercises near Turkey. These exercises were predominately to conduct psychological warfare and to collect i ntelligence data.In February 1 983, Soviet Union intelligence went into overdrive, convinced that the Americans were prepared to launch an attack. NATO began launching another series of exercises in the summer and autumn of 1983. On 01 September 1983, a Korean Airlines aircraft was shot down by the Soviet Union. Ronald Reagan launched Missile Shield System to intercept potential missiles. This convinced the Soviet Union that the United States had hostile intent. Senior members of the United States defense team participated in a mock nuclear war, further convincing the Soviet Union that the United States intended to strike.Blips equals missiles equals bomb equals war: the closest point of total nuclear war In the midst of all this, on 26 September 1 983, Satanists Petrol was monitoring the security screen for the Soviet Union. He observed five blips, representing incoming intercontinental ballistic missiles. He was to press a button which would trigger Soviet Missiles to be fired. Ho wever, he contemplated why there would only be five missiles-?if NATO were to strike, they would send more than five missiles. He paused, and the blips disappeared.This was the closest point We came to nuclear War. Two years later, Mikhail Geographer became the General Secretary of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union. He launches perestroika economically and reformed communist in order to save it; a result of this reform was a series of arms reductions strategies. The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 , effectively ending the Cold War. The end of the cold war: different interpretations The end of the Cold War revealed the inherent weakness of the Soviet union-?the united States did not need to do anything.The Soviet union was a flawed economic model and did not produce any growth. Some argue that it was Geographer, paradoxically, while he wanted to save the Soviet Union, that led to its collapse by initiating reform, allowing dissent, and announcing the Sinatra Doctrine, allowing e ast European sovereignty over their affairs. A fading economy and political upheaval lead to the end of the Soviet Union. The great hero was Ronald Reagan, because he spurred the Soviet Union into ear bankruptcy by causing the Soviet Union's defense spending to surge to unsustainable levels.Cold war: varying theses as to its cause To the revisionist thesis, America was hostile to the type of government that the Soviet Union imposed on Eastern Europe. The hostility was about politics, not markets. The fundamental failure of W. Williams' argument was that 70-80 percent of America's market was based on domestic consumption; until the sass, the American economy produced a surplus. Therefore, the United States was fundamentally and Ideologically opposed to Soviet Union communism. Nevertheless, the United States baited, bluffed, and outnumbered the Soviet union.However, this does not mean that the Cold War was the American's fault. The Cold War could not be avoided. The revisionist, anti- American thesis is supported by their actions in Latin America, Vietnam, the Middle East. The orthodox, pro-Soviet union thesis denied the terror and believed the Soviet Union was a workers paradise. Despite the depression and absence of democracy, the Soviet Union received massive intellectual support. Imagine, if you will, someone who read only the Reader's Digest between 950 and 1970, and someone in the same period who read only The Nation or the New Statesman.Which reader would have been better informed about the realities of Communism? The answer, I think, should give us pause. Can it be that our enemies were right? -?Susan Sonata Key terms War is an organized and often prolonged conflict that is carried out by state and non-state actors. Limited war is a conflict in which the belligerents participating in war do not expend all of each of the participants' available resources at their disposal. Total war is a war in which a belligerent mobiles its population for war reduction. The word total refers to the extent of manipulation, not the extent of destruction.

The Development of the Political and Economic Integration of the EU Free Essay Example, 3250 words

The people of the EU of 15 states as of 2003 view however its political system as remote from them, difficult to understand, and poorly democratic (Milward, 2005, p. The citizens of member-states, when asked, differ between conveying a fragile commitment to the EU and expressing a considerable extent of aversion towards it. Basically, economic integration usually fulfils political goals. Europe is a perfect example. The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC) have been established for political purposes. The eastern expansion of the EU is the outcome of a political reversal of the states aspiring to become members of the EU. The collapse of the communist regime allowed, and pushed, the states involved to modify their economic and political structure completely (Cini, 2007). Integration into the European Union was appealing not merely due to market access, but also due to financial assistance and investments from the EU. More significantly, integration is associated with a free enterprise, economic liberalisation, human rights, and democratic structures (Cini, 2007). The currently founded Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) represents the greatest development in the economic integration process in Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of the Political and Economic Integration of the EU or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This is a landmark and will, simultaneously, be a channel for political integration. Europe as a model was consistently a political agenda motivated by political choices and objectives (Milward, 2005). Yet, after initial obstacles on the political sphere, the attention shifted to economic issues. In the end, economic integration has triumphed in strengthening the unity among European states and has therefore also realised its broader political objective. Given the above considerations, this essay tries to answer the question, to what extent is the European Union economically and politically integrated? An analysis of the historical development of the political and economic integration of the EU is undertaken in order to determine the growth, or, possibly decline, of the processes of the political and economic integration of the EU.