Antarctic Icefish Characteristics and Facts

True to their name, the Antarctic Icefish lives in the icy cold waters of the Arctic —and has icy-looking blood to match. Their cold habitat has given them some interesting features.   Most animals, like people, have red blood. The red of our blood is caused by hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout our body. Icefishes dont have hemoglobin, thus they have a whitish, nearly transparent blood. Their gills are also white. Despite this lack of hemoglobin, icefish can still get enough oxygen, although scientists arent sure quite how — it could be because they live in already oxygen-rich waters and might be able to absorb oxygen through their skin, or because they have large hearts and plasma which may help transport oxygen more easily. The first icefish was discovered in 1927 by zoologist Ditlef Rustad, who pulled up a strange, pale fish during an expedition to Antarctic waters. The fish he pulled up was eventually named the blackfin icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus).   Description There are many species (33, according to WoRMS) of icefish in the Family Channichthyidae. These fish all have heads that look a little like a crocodile — so they are sometimes called crocodile icefishes. They have grayish, black or brown bodies, wide pectoral fins, and two dorsal fins that are supported by long, flexible spines. They can grow to a maximum length of about 30 inches.   Another fairly unique trait for icefish is that they dont have scales. This can aid in their ability to absorb oxygen through the ocean water.   Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataSuperclass: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: PerciformesFamily: Channichthyidae Habitat, Distribution, and Feeding Icefish inhabit Antarctic and subantarctic waters in the Southern Ocean off Antarctica and southern South America. Even though they can live in waters that are only 28 degrees, these fish have antifreeze proteins that circulate through their bodies to keep them from freezing.   Icefish dont have swim bladders, so they spend much of their lives on the ocean bottom, although they also have a lighter skeleton than some other fish, which allows them to swim up into the water column at night to capture prey. They may be found in schools. Icefish eat plankton, small fish, and krill.   Conservation and Human Uses The lighter skeleton of icefish has a low mineral density. Humans with a low mineral density in their bone have a condition called osteopenia, which may be a precursor to osteoporosis. Scientists study icefish to learn more about osteoporosis in humans. Icefish blood also provides insights into other conditions, such as anemia, and how bones develop. The ability of icefish to live in freezing water without freezing can also help scientists learn about the formation of ice crystals and storage of frozen foods and even organs used for transplant.   Mackerel icefish are harvested, and the harvest is considered sustainable. A threat to icefish, however, is climate change — warming ocean temperatures could reduce the habitat that is suitable for this extreme cold water fish.

The Legacy Of John F. Kennedy - 1224 Words

From his stunning good looks, to his untimely death, there have been very few American presidents that have been more interesting and charismatic to the nation than John F. Kennedy. Although the odds against him becoming president were slim, he has become one of America’s most beloved presidents of all time. Even though he did not get a chance to finish out his full presidential term, many laws and policies that are an American norm today may not have been if the young handsome president had never been elected Commander in Chief. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was the second of nine children born into a very prominent Irish Catholic family. Throughout his youth, John F. Kennedy suffered†¦show more content†¦Despite JFK’s efforts to maneuver the PT-109 out of its way, the much bigger Japanese destroyer hit the PT-109 and split it down the middle. Although this cause multiple fatalities immediately, many of JFKâ⠂¬â„¢s crew were able to abandon ship before the flames of their burning ship consumed them. JFK, being the great swimmer that he is, lead his crew to an island that was miles away. Many of his crew were badly injured, and for the men that could not swim the distance, JFK attached a life jacket around them and swam them with the strap in his mouth to the island. After reaching the island, a few natives found JFK and his crew. JFK carved a message in a coconut and requested that the natives go find them help. One day later JFK and his remaining crew were rescued, making John F. Kennedy a hero and earning him the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his courage and leadership. Joe Kennedy Jr. flew dangerous missions around Europe during the war, and one year after JFK’s brush with death, Joe Jr. died when his plane exploded. After returning home from the war, Joe Kennedy Sr. persuaded JFK to continue with his brothers dream of becoming the first Irish Catholic president of the Unite d States. The beginning of JFK’s political career took off when he ran for Congress in 1946, and later becoming elected to the United States Senate. After marrying Jacqueline Kennedy inShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy1176 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy did a lot for our country although his presidential term was cut short. He had a certain allure to him that Americans liked. Kennedy knew what to do to gain the votes of all different types of voters no matter their age, race, or religion. His campaign and presidency have inspired even today’s presidents and presidential candidates in multiple ways. John F. Kennedy was a spectacular man and president that brought a fresh feel to America and who left a legacy that will never be forgottenRead MoreThe Legacy of John F. Kennedy1129 Words   |  5 PagesPresidents relate in life and none in death. Most people know John F. Kennedy as the 35th President of the United States, the youngest president, and one of fewest presidents that was killed. But what was JFKs legacy? JFK was born on May, 29th, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, a quiet, clam suburb in Boston. As a child John F. Kennedy was mostly referred to the name Jack, by friends and family. His parents, Rose and Joseph Kennedy were too involved with social rank and their place in BostonsRead MoreThe Legacy of John F. Kennedy1917 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is a legacy? Is it strictly a visible, touchable object? A legacy is not just an object that people can see; it can be a dream or an idea. Although his life came to a tragic end, John F. Kennedy was one of the many presidents that served his term of presidency with compassion and dedication, and also, he left behind an unforgettable legacy to live on for the generations to come. His legacy was both an idea and dream that still affects many Americans today, as he led people to believe that heRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy1085 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy made history as America’s youngest and first Catholic President. JFK, or â€Å"Jack† Kennedy, was born into a wealthy family, who were considered American royalty. Jack Kennedy was only our President for a few short years, but the stories of his assassination and his legacy live on today. President Kennedy was easily one of America’s most famous leaders of all time. John F. Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on May 29, 1917. Jack was the second of nine children bornRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F Kennedy1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Democrat that stood with his hand on the living holy scripture would not only be known as the youngest man to enter the sacred halls of the White House, but also as the one that entrusted his heart and soul for the love of his nation. John Fitzgerald Kennedy recited what seemed like ancient words bound within the inaugural speech with more than a noticeable Boston pronunciation. The unforeseen knowledge that this young senator would be the victim of a deadly attack left the world innocent. ThisRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy980 Words   |  4 PagesBorn in 1917, John F. Kennedy grew up in a wealthy family with influence both politically, and economically. His grandfather was a famous politician, his father a billionaire, and his brothers he grew up with would go on to become well known politicians . Growing up in a family like this, it would appear hard to distinguish yourself, however, JFK would go on to surpass them all by becoming the 35th, and perhaps most beloved president of the United States. As president JFK was popular. He was youngRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy1879 Words   |  8 PagesUnited State of America which was John F. Kennedy has been assassinated. Lyndon’s purpose of the speech was comfort America after the death of John F. Kennedy and also to insure America that with this horrific tragedy that America has to go through he will continue the act of the forward thrust of America that John F. Kennedy had begun to do while he was in was the President. Also Johnson ensures America that John F. Kennedy will live on with us. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the youngest president heRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy1480 Words   |  6 Pagesvice president had given him prominence and experience where communism was concerned.. Democrats, meanwhile, nominated the relatively unknown John F. Kennedy, a young but accomplished senator from Massachusetts who had served with distinction in World War II and had won a Pulitzer Prize for his 1956 book Profiles in Courage .At only forty-three years old, Kennedy exuded a youthful confidence that contrasted sharply with Nixon’s serious demeanor—a contrast that was plainly evident in the first-ever liveRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesOn November 22, 1963 the lives of John F. Kennedy, Harvey Lee Oswald, Jack Ruby, Jacqueline Kennedy-Onassis, Lyndon B. Johnson. John Connally, Abraham Zupruder, and several others , all took a dramatic turning point. On November 22, 1963 President John Fittzgerald Kennedy was assassinated in the Dealey Plaza of Dallas Texas. Less than two hours later CBS News showed Harvey Lee Oswald in handcuffs at Dallas Police Headquarters. Harvey Lee Oswald was born October 18, 1939 in New Orleans, LouisianaRead MoreLeadership And Legacy Of John F. Kennedy1388 Words   |  6 PagesJohn F. Kennedy His Leadership Legacy John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts and was known as (Jack). He was the son of Joseph P. Kennedy, an ambassador to Great Britain during Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. The Kennedy’s were one of the wealth family in American. He was one of the most important leader in America. When he graduated from Harvard University in 1940 he wrote a winning note with his publication of â€Å"Why England Slept†, it was an expansion

Bioterrorism Essay Example For Students

Bioterrorism Essay Sarin is a volatile liquid used as a nerve gas. Its vapor is colorless and odorless. Sarin acts by interfering with a chemical which transmits impulses from one nerve cell to the next. A gas mask provides adequate protection from the vapor, but the liquid form can also be absorbed through the skin. Sarin was originally developed by the Nazis during World War II. On March 20, 1995, the Tokyo subway sarin gas attack occurred killing nearly a dozen people and injured approximately five-thousand others. The sarin was placed in six devices placed on different trains to deliver the gas to a Tokyo government center where the national police headquarters all at the same approximate time. They were disguised in devices as a soft drink can, a briefcase, white plastic bag and a gas can wrapped in newspaper. Very soon after the gas was released, reports of injured people from fifteen underground stations came in stating they were exposed to sarin on the trains or on the platform. People immediately experienced breathing difficulties and muscle weakness. Many victims even lost consciousness. Emergency first aid stations and personnel were immediately set up and began getting treatment to the victims of the attack. Victims were sent to hospitals via ambulance for treatment with mild symptoms. When the victims arrived for treatment of sarin, the hospitals didnt have the sarin antidote but knew that it was an organophosphate. They knew how to treat organophosphate pesticide poisoning and used the same treatment for the sarin. Emergency personnel and police who responded to the accident site also developed symptoms as well as hospital staff. The group most likely responsible for the attack was AUM SHINRIKYO, a religious cult. This cult had a sarin gas leak at their compound at Matsumoto in June of 1994 in which seven people died and injured 200 victims. The cult played off the incident by saying the chemical precursors were being used for industrial purposes and no one in their organization had the knowledge how to make sarin gas. They also said the whole matter was conspired by the United States. Bibliography:

Good Compensation Package Generally Compensation †Free Samples

Question: Differences between good compensation package generally compensation? Answer: Introducation A good compensation package is generally a compensation package that an expatriate considers as fair, but it also has to be cost-effective for the company. The compensation package has to be planned to attain the organizations mobility and staffing goals. Several approaches have been developed for the purpose of determining global compensation. The balance sheet approach is the most extensively utilized approach for international compensation (Watson Jr. Singh 2010, p. 33). Using the balance sheet approach, this paper discusses the compensation packages of a manager from the United States who is assuming a position in Australia. The balance sheet approach, as Dowling (2008, p. 166) pointed out, is a system which is aimed at equalizing the employees purchasing power at similar position levels living abroad and in the home nation. It is also designed to offer inducements in order to counterbalance qualitative differences between locations of assignment. There are 4 main classifications of expenditures that the American expatriate incurs in Australia which are included in the balance sheet approach. First is housing outlays, which includes the costs linked to housing within the host nation, namely Australia. Secondly is goods and services outlay, which includes home-country expenses for various items like medical care, transportation, recreation, household furnishings, clothing, personal care as well as food (Biteen 2011, p. 28). Thirdly is reserve outlay, which includes social security taxes, education expenditures, investments, pension contributions, payment for benefits, as well as contributions to savings. The fourth category includes income taxes, which include host-country and home-country income taxes (Bloom, Milkovich Mitra 2013, p. 1351). Where expenses linked to the host-country job assignment go beyond or surpass equivalent expenses within the expatriates parent nation, these expenses are met by both the expatriate and the company in order to ensure that the parent-country equivalent purchasing power is attained. Using the balance sheet approach, the expatriate employee receives part of her salary in the local currency, which is the Australian dollar in this case, and part of the salary in her home currency, which is the US$ (Dowling 2008, p.167). The following table illustrates the compensation package for the American expatriate who has taken a managerial job in Australia. Table 1: Compensation package for the American expatriate working in Australia Expatriate: Joy Adamson Job Post: Senior sales manager Home Nation: United States Reason for change: New task in Australia Effective date of change: 15 June 2017 Item Amount in Australian Dollars per year Paid in Australian Dollars per year Paid in US$ per year, which is the expatriates local currency Basic pay 200,000 100,000 150,000 Housing deduction (7 percent) -14,000 -14,000 Foreign service premium (20 percent) 40,000 40,000 Cost of living allowance (COLA) 50,000 75,000 Allowance for hardship (20 percent) 40,000 40,000 Tax deduction -97,000 -97,000 Full Amount 219,000 69,000 225,000 Cost of Living Index = 150 The American expatriate has been given a task in Australia where the Cost of Living Index is assumed to be 150 in relation to the United States. Moreover, in relation to the Australian dollar, the expatriates home country has an exchange rate of 1.5. Besides an overseas service premium, the expatriate from the United States who has taken up an assignment in Australia is also paid a hardship allowance for working in Australia. The company provides housing to the expatriate employee and it deducts 7% from the compensation package, together with a tax deduction. The American expatriate is able to see from the table above the components that are offered in her compensation package using the balance sheet approach and the way the compensation package would be split between the United States currency and the Australian currency. It is worth mentioning that the balance sheet approach, as Robert and Mike (2012, p. 99) pointed out, provides equity between overseas job duties and between expatriates of the same nationality. The repatriation of expatriates is facilitated through this highlighting on equity with the parent nation given that compensation of the expatriate is based on the system of compensation used within the parent nation. The balance sheet approach is also simple and straightforward to communicate to the employee. Conclusion To sum up, using the balance sheet approach, the American expatriate who has assumed a managerial position in Australia will receive part of her salary in the Australian dollar and part of the salary in the US$. She will be paid an overseas service premium, hardship allowance, and cost of living allowance. She is provided with housing by the company and the company deducts 7% from her compensation. References Biteen, J 2011, 'Compensation Strategies for International Assignments: Alternatives to the Balance Sheet', HR Professional, 18, 2, p. 28, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 May 2017. Bloom, M, Milkovich, G, Mitra, A 2013, 'International compensation: learning from how managers respond to variations in local host contexts', International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 14, 8, pp. 1350-1367, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 May 2017. Bonache, J, Zrraga-Oberty, C 2017, 'The traditional approach to compensating global mobility: criticisms and alternatives', International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 28, 1, pp. 149-169, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 May 2017. Dowling, P 2008, International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context. Canberra, Australia: Cengage Learning. Robert H, S, Mike, S 2012, 'Expatriate compensation: An exploratory review of salient contextual factors and common practices', Career Development International, 10, 2, pp. 98-108, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 May 2017. Watson Jr., B, Singh, G 2010, 'Global Pay Systems: Compensation in Support of a Multinational Strategy', Compensation Benefits Review, 37, 1, pp. 33-36, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 May 2017.

History of English Language free essay sample

History of the English language From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from History of English Language) Jump to: navigation, search English is a West Germanic language that originated from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by Germanic invaders from various parts of what is now northwest Germany and the Netherlands. Initially, Old English was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England. One of these dialects, Late West Saxon, eventually came to dominate. The English language underwent extensive change in the Middle Ages. Written Old English of AD 1000 is similar in vocabulary and grammar to other old Germanic languages such as Old High German and Old Norse, and completely unintelligible to modern speakers, while the modern language is already largely recognisable in written Middle English of AD 1400. The transformation was caused by two further waves of invasion: the first by speakers of the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic language family, who conquered and colonized parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries; the second by the Normans in the 11th century, who spoke Old Norman and ultimately developed an English variety of this called Anglo-Norman. We will write a custom essay sample on History of English Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A large proportion of the modern English vocabulary comes directly from Anglo-Norman. Close contact with the Scandinavians resulted in a significant grammatical simplification and lexical enrichment of the Anglo-Frisian core of English. However, these changes had not reached South West England by the 9th century AD, where Old English was developed into a full-fledged literary language. The Norman invasion occurred in 1066, and when literary English rose anew in the 13th century, it was based on the speech of London, much closer to the centre of Scandinavian settlement.

Bio of Henry Kissinger, Diplomat and Intellectual

Bio of Henry Kissinger, Diplomat and Intellectual Henry A. Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger) is a scholar, public intellectual and the worlds foremost- and one of the more controversial- statesmen and diplomats. He served on the administrations of two U.S. presidents, most notably Richard M Nixons, and advised several others, including John F. Kennedy and George W. Bush. Kissinger shared the 1973 Nobel Prize for Peace for his efforts to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War. Fast Facts: Henry Kissinger Also Known As: Heinz Alfred KissingerKnown For: Secretary of the U.S. Department of State, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs  Born: May 27, 1923, in Fuerth, GermanyParents: Louis and Paula (Stern) KissingerSpouse: Ann Fleischer  (divorced); Nancy MaginnesChildren: Elizabeth and DavidEducation: Harvard College, B.A.; Harvard University, M.A. and Ph.D.Published Works: Diplomacy, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, The White House YearsKey Accomplishments: Winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize for Peace for his efforts to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War, the 1977 Presidential Medal of Freedom and the 1986 Medal of LibertyFamous Quote: â€Å"Corrupt politicians make the other ten percent look bad.†Ã‚  Fun Fact: Kissinger became an unlikely sex symbol and was known as a flirt, of sorts, in President Richard Nixons administration; he once noted: Power is the ultimate aphrodisiac. Fled Nazi German, Drafted by U.S. Military Kissinger was born on May 27, 1923, to Louis and Paula (Stern) Kissinger, Jews living in Nazi Germany. The family fled the country in 1938 amid state sanctioned anti-Semitism, just before the burning of Jewish synagogues, homes, schools and businesses in a deadly event that became known as Kristallnacht. The Kissingers, now refugees, settled in New York. Heinz Kissinger, a teenager at the time, worked in a factory making shaving brushes to support his poor family while also attending George Washington High School at night. He changed his name to Henry and became a U.S. citizen five years later, in 1943. He later enrolled in the City College of New York in hopes of becoming an accountant, but at age 19 he received a draft notice from the U.S. Army. He reported for basic training in February 1943 and eventually began work in counterintelligence with the Army Counter Intelligence Corps, where he served until 1946. A year later, in 1947, Kissinger enrolled at Harvard College. He graduated with his B.A. in political science in 1950, and went on to earn a masters degree from Harvard University in 1952 and a Ph.D. in 1954. He accepted positions in the prestigious Ivy League universitys Department of Government and its Center for International Affairs from 1954 to 1969. Marriage and Personal Life Kissingers first marriage was to Ann Fleischer, whom he had dated in high school and remained in touch with while he was in the Army. The marriage took place on February 6, 1949, while Kissinger was studying at Harvard College. The couple had two children, Elizabeth and David, and divorced in 1964. A decade later, on March 30, 1974, Kissinger married Nancy Sharon Maginnes, a philanthropist and former foreign policy staffer to Nelson A. Rockefellers Commission on Critical Choices for Americans. Career in Politics Kissingers professional career in politics began with Rockefeller during the early part of the wealthy Republicans tenure as governor of New York in the 1960s. Kissinger served as Rockefellers foreign policy adviser until he was tapped by Republican President Richard M. Nixon to be his national security adviser. Kissinger served in that capacity from January 1969 until early November 1975, simultaneously serving as secretary of the Department of State beginning in September 1973. Kissinger remained in the White House administration after Nixon resigned amid the Watergate scandal and Vice President Gerald Ford took over the presidency. Master of Practical Politics Kissingers legacy is as a master practitioner of realpolitik, a term used to mean the practical realities of politics, or a philosophy that is rooted in a nations strength instead of morality and world opinion. Among Kissingers most important diplomatic accomplishments are: The easing of tensions between two nuclear superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States, during the  Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s. This cooldown was known as a â€Å"dà ©tente.† Kissinger and Nixon used the strategy to de-escalate the showdown between the countries, in turn winning arms reduction treaties. Kissinger is widely credited with easing Cold War tensions and preventing a third world war.Ending more than two decades of diplomatic estrangement between the United States and China leading to a 1972 meeting of Nixon and Mao Zedong, the infamous founder of the communist Peoples Republic of China. Kissinger had begun secret negotiations with Maos government in 1971 under the belief that the United States would benefit from a friendly relationship, further illustration of Kissingers belief in realpolitik, or practical politics.The Paris Peace Accords, signed in 1973 following secret negotiations between Kissinger and North Vietnamese politburo member Le Duc Tho. The accords were meant to end the Vietnam War and did, in fact, lead to a temporary ceasefire and the end of U.S. involvement. Le Duc Tho had become increasingly concerned that his nation could become isolated if Kissingers and Nixons policy of dà ©tente built relations between the United States and its allies, the Soviet Union and China.   Kissingers shuttle diplomacy in 1974 during the Yom Kippur war among Israel, Egypt, and Syria, which resulted in disengagement agreements between the countries. Criticism of Kissinger Kissingers methods, particularly his apparent support of military dictatorships in South America, were not without criticism, however. The late public intellectual Christopher Hitchens called for Kissinger’s prosecution for war crimes, for crimes against humanity, and for offenses against common or customary or international law, including conspiracy to commit murder, kidnap, and torture.† The allegations of war crimes are rooted in Kissingers positioning of American foreign policy toward Argentina during its Dirty War. The countrys military forces secretly abducted, tortured and killed an estimated 30,000 people in the name of rooting out terrorism. Kissinger, the national security adviser and secretary of state, recommended the U.S. support the military by sending the country tens of millions of dollars and selling it aircraft. Records declassified decades later show Kissinger approved of the Dirty War, urging the Argentinian military to act swiftly less U.S. lawmakers get involved. Washington, Kissinger said, would not cause the dictatorship unnecessary difficulties. Sources Henry Kissinger – Biographical. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2018. Sat. 24 Nov 2018.  Henry A. (Heinz Alfred) Kissinger.  U.S. Department of State. Henry A. Kissinger, Ph.D.  Academy of Achievement.Henry A. Kissinger as Negotiator: Background and Key Accomplishments. Harvard Business School. James K. Sebenius, L. Alexander Green and Eugene B. Kogan. Nov. 24, 2014.

AN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND CYBER SECURITY Thesis - 1

AN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND CYBER SECURITY - Thesis Example Primarily, security is protection from danger. There are various types of security e.g., operation, communication and network security. While information system is made up of hardware, software, data, people, procedures and networks. According to the committee on National Security System, Information security is defined as the protection of information and its critical elements, including the system and hardware that use, store, and transit that information. It includes the broad areas of information security management, computer, data, and network security (Whitman & Mattord, 2012). There are three characteristics of information that gives it value to organization: availability, integrity and confidentiality. Therefore, these three elements have to be secured since they are vital to an organization. However the threats to the characteristics of information have evolved into a vast collection of events including accidental, intentional damage, theft, and unauthorized modification. He nce there is development of a more robust model of information security that addresses this threats ,the model consist of critical characteristics of information :availability,accuracy,authenticity , possession, integrity ,utility and confidentiality.Therefore,upper management drives a top-down and the traditional system development life cycle approach in order to implement security in organizations. Finally information security can also be described as both an art and science as it also comprises aspects of social science (Shimeall & Spring, 2014). Global perspective in security entails the dynamic security environment and its intrinsic challenges. It includes all the current issues in information security and how they can be managed.Idealy, there are six major aims of security and they are divided into six major categories. Table 1.1[1] There are various types of attacks that information security can come across. One of them is protocol stack, i.e fig 1.1[2]